In the meantime, the language of the indigenous population remained relatively free of borrowings from Persian and Arabic, and instead borrowed words and literary conventions from Sanskrit. Eventually, it developed into a variety called Urdū (from Turkish ordu ‘camp’), characterized by numerous borrowings from Persian and Arabic, which became a literary language. Scholars postulate that Hindi developed in the 8th-10th centuries from khari boli, spoken around Dehli and adopted by the Moslem invaders to communicate with the local population. The Persians used it to refer to the Indian people and to the languages they spoke. There is a large Urdū-speaking diaspora in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Norway and Australia. It is also spoken in urban Afghanistan, in the major urban centers of the Persian Gulf countries and Saudi Arabia. It is spoken as a first language by 64 million people in Pakistan and India, and by 94 million people as a second language in Pakistan. Urdū belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.
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